Alan M. Turing

Considered the most important pioneer in the field of Artificial Intelligence, Turing's 1950 article entitled Computing Machinery and Intelligence from Mind magazine is the first example of a philosophical inquiry into the possibility of designing a machine that could emulate the thinking process of humans. In addition to the article, I'm including a link to a Turing page that contains links to a lot of documents, audio, and video recordings of him and his work on A.I.

http://www.turing.org.uk/